Common causes
- ACL and other ligament injuries, including MCL sprains
- Meniscus tears
- Cartilage injuries
- Pain around or behind the kneecap (patellofemoral pain)
- Kneecap dislocation
- Patellar and quadriceps tendinitis
- Bursitis
- Early arthritis
When to get it checked
- A pop at the time of injury, followed by swelling within hours
- A knee that gives way or feels unstable
- Locking or catching
- Difficulty bearing weight
- Swelling or pain that lasts more than a few weeks
A visible deformity, inability to bear weight after a significant injury, or new calf swelling and tenderness (which can signal a blood clot) need urgent medical attention.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis starts with a history of how the pain began and an examination of stability, the meniscus and the kneecap. X-rays evaluate the bones and alignment. MRI is used when a ligament, meniscus or cartilage injury is suspected and the result will guide treatment.
Treatment options
Non-surgical
- Relative rest, ice and activity modification
- A guided physical therapy program for strength, control and movement
- Anti-inflammatory medication when appropriate
- Bracing or an injection in selected cases
Surgical
- Surgery is considered when a structural injury is identified that is unlikely to recover without it.
- Options include knee arthroscopy, meniscus repair, cartilage procedures and ACL reconstruction.
What to expect
- First visit
A clear diagnosis and a plan built around your goals and your sport.
- First weeks
Calming pain and swelling, and restoring motion.
- Rehab
Strength, balance and movement training to protect the knee.
- Return to sport
Based on meeting strength and function goals, not just on time.
Timelines are typical ranges, not guarantees. Recovery depends on the specific injury, the procedure, your health and your rehabilitation, and your plan is individualized.
Questions patients ask
Should I keep playing on a sore knee?
Pain with swelling, instability or locking is a reason to stop and get evaluated. Playing through these symptoms can turn a manageable injury into a bigger one.
Do I need an MRI?
Not always. Many knee problems are diagnosed with an examination and X-rays. MRI is used when it will change the treatment plan.
Ice or heat?
Ice is generally used in the first days after an injury to help with pain and swelling. Heat may be more comfortable for longstanding stiffness.
This page is general patient education and is not a substitute for an in-person evaluation.