What it is
Arthroscopy is minimally invasive surgery. A small camera displays the inside of the knee on a screen while specialized instruments, passed through separate small incisions, treat what is found. Procedures commonly performed arthroscopically include:
- Meniscus repair or partial meniscectomy
- Cartilage procedures
- ACL reconstruction (arthroscopic-assisted)
- Removal of loose bodies
- Removal of inflamed joint lining (synovectomy)
Arthroscopy is generally not recommended for knee pain caused by arthritis alone, because research has shown limited benefit compared with non-surgical care.
Who it may help
- Locking, catching or a knee that gives way
- A structural injury on MRI, such as a meniscus tear or loose fragment, that matches your symptoms
- Symptoms that persist despite physical therapy and activity changes
- Athletes and active adults who want to return to sport
Before surgery
The evaluation includes a history, an examination of motion, stability and the meniscus, X-rays to assess alignment and arthritis, and usually an MRI. During arthroscopy, the inside of the knee can also be seen directly, which confirms the diagnosis and guides treatment.
Treatment options
Non-surgical
- Most knee problems start with non-surgical care
- Activity modification and a guided physical therapy program
- Anti-inflammatory medication when appropriate
- An injection in selected cases
Surgical
- Arthroscopic repair or trimming of a torn meniscus.
- Cartilage procedures to stimulate healing or restore damaged surfaces.
- Ligament reconstruction, such as the ACL, using arthroscopic-assisted techniques.
Recovery
- Day of surgery
Most patients go home the same day.
- First weeks
Crutches may be used briefly. After a meniscus repair or cartilage procedure, weight-bearing is often limited and a brace may be used for several weeks.
- Rehab
Physical therapy restores motion, then strength and control.
- Full recovery
Ranges from several weeks after a simple trimming to several months or longer after a repair or reconstruction.
Timelines are typical ranges, not guarantees. Recovery depends on the specific injury, the procedure, your health and your rehabilitation, and your plan is individualized.
Questions patients ask
Will I need crutches?
Often briefly. After a repair, protected weight-bearing for several weeks is common. Your plan depends on what is done during surgery.
Can arthroscopy fix arthritis?
Generally not. For knee pain caused by arthritis alone, arthroscopy has shown limited benefit, and other treatments are usually recommended.
When can I return to sport?
It depends on the procedure. Return is based on healing and on meeting strength and function goals in therapy, not just on time.
This page is general patient education and is not a substitute for an in-person evaluation.