Common causes
- Rotator cuff tendinitis, impingement and bursitis
- Rotator cuff tears
- Instability, dislocation and labral tears
- Arthritis of the shoulder joint (see shoulder replacement)
- Acromioclavicular (AC) joint sprains and arthritis
- Frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis)
- Biceps tendon problems
- Fractures after a fall
Pain felt in the shoulder can also come from the neck, so the examination looks beyond the shoulder itself.
When to get it checked
- Pain lasting more than a few weeks despite rest
- Pain at night or pain that wakes you
- Weakness, or difficulty lifting the arm
- A shoulder that has dislocated or feels unstable
- Pain after a fall, especially with deformity or significant bruising
Shoulder pain with chest pressure, shortness of breath or sweating can signal a heart problem. Call 911.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis starts with a careful history and an examination of motion, strength and stability, including specific tests for the rotator cuff, labrum and biceps. X-rays evaluate the bones and joints. MRI or ultrasound is used when a soft-tissue injury is suspected, and a diagnostic injection can sometimes help pinpoint the source.
Treatment options
Non-surgical
- Relative rest and activity modification
- A guided physical therapy program for motion, strength and posture
- Anti-inflammatory medication when appropriate
- A corticosteroid injection in selected cases
Surgical
- Surgery is considered only when a structural problem is identified and symptoms persist despite non-surgical care.
- Options include shoulder arthroscopy, rotator cuff repair, stabilization, reconstruction and replacement.
What to expect
- First visit
A clear diagnosis and a plan built around your goals.
- First weeks
Activity changes and therapy to calm pain and restore motion.
- Reassessment
If symptoms are not improving, further imaging or other treatment options are discussed.
- Long term
A home exercise program helps keep the shoulder strong and lowers the chance of recurrence.
Timelines are typical ranges, not guarantees. Recovery depends on the specific injury, the procedure, your health and your rehabilitation, and your plan is individualized.
Questions patients ask
Should I rest my shoulder completely?
Prolonged complete rest can lead to stiffness. Comfortable, guided movement is usually better than keeping the arm still, unless you have been told otherwise after an injury.
Is shoulder pain always a rotator cuff problem?
No. The rotator cuff is a common source, but instability, arthritis, the AC joint, a frozen shoulder or the neck can all cause pain in the shoulder.
Do I need an MRI?
Not always. Many shoulder problems can be diagnosed with an examination and X-rays. MRI is used when it will change the treatment plan.
This page is general patient education and is not a substitute for an in-person evaluation.